Businesss Puma Company Brand Essay Example For Students

Businesss Puma Company Brand Essay Outline1 Puma Company Brand1.1 1. Official Summary1.2 1.1 Introduction1.3 1.1.2 Macro â€environmental factors1.4 1.1.3 Rivalry between rivals1.5 1.1.4 Selling schemes1.6 1.1.5 Strategic gathering mapping to put rivals1.7 Strategic Group Map on Footwear Mark1.8 2 Puma’s qualities and failing1.9 2.1 Strength1.10 2.1.2 Failing1.11 Poor exchange name Image1.12 Luck of clients1.13 2.1.3 Virtuality1.14 2.1.4 Virtuality as quality for cougar1.15 Information sharing1.16 Hi building substructure1.17 Virtual warehouse1.18 3 Wining schemes1.19 3.1 Fits the Company’s situation good1.20 Addition in orders1.21 Global marked Gross saless growing1.22 Amalgamate gross revenues1.23 Puma set out in front of an audience IV1.24 Puma’s investors value1.25 Good parity sheet1.26 3.1.2 Competitive advantage1.27 Knowledge and Expertise1.28 3.1.3 Better organization open presentation1.29 Selling run1.30 Use of engineering1.31 4. Upset detat1.32 4.1 Strategic benefits1.33 6. Reference in dex Jaguar Company Brand 1. Official Summary Jaguar AG is a transnational organization that is situated in German and ventures high athletic and sportswear places both for grown-up females and work drives, It was established by Rudolf Dassler after a distinction with his sibling Adi Dassler with whom they had established the Dassler Schuhfabrik in 1924. Jaguar had an extremely hapless exchange name picture that show a reduction in its market divide and incited cougar to change it vital conclusions to better on its picture, this technique of adjustment was driven by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO dependent on stages one to four of vital program to modify puma’s picture so it can strive positive in the commercial center and inside a pair of mature ages Jochen Zeitz had modification puma’s exchange name picture into one of the most attractive and looked for after exchange name of athletic wear and footwear worn both purchase popular people and way followings everywhere throughout the word. 1.1 Introduction Panther was established in Dassler Schuhfabrik, Herzogenaurach, Germany by Rudolf Dassler after a distinction with his sibling Adi Dassler with whom they had established the Dassler Schuhfabrik in 1924. Until mid 2003 cougar had an extremely hapless exchange name picture that show a reduction in its market divide and provoked cougar to adjust it vital conclusions to better on its picture, this technique of modification was driven by Jochen Zeitz Puma CEO dependent on stages one to four of vital program to modify puma’s picture so it can strive ideal in the commercial center and inside a couple of mature ages Jochen Zeitz had change puma’s exchange name picture into one of the most alluring and looked for after exchange name of athletic wear and footwear worn both purchase renowned people and way followings everywhere throughout the word. This examination is partitioned in three sections, Part one presents the components that impacted cougar to modify it exchange name picture and it farther goes to delineate these variables under Macro-ecological investigation building up on showcase propensities, rivalry among customers and vital gathering capacity. The second bit presents the puma’s assets and capablenesss in footings of qualities and flopping each piece great each piece virtuallity each piece seen as fortifies and the third segment of the examination presents puma’s winning plans building up on cougar situation that fits the organization, economical completive preferences and as a superior acting organization. Orchestrating to occasion review of Puma AG ( in Thompson, A.A. , Strickland, A.J. furthermore, Gamble, J. ( 2005 ) Crafting and Executing Strategy ( Fourteenth Edition ) , McGraw-Hill, New York, pages C411-C432 ) , The natural and competitory components that affected Puma’s vital assurance to better its Brand picture is distinguished under Macro-ecological variables, rivalry among rivals and vital gathering capacity as underneath. 1.1.2 Macro â€environmental factors Absence of cultural belief of Puma exchange name from the upper classification customers who were non ready to have on the exchange name since they considered to of hapless quality and were sold â€Å"dirt-cheap† Puma’s exchange name was undermined and this an influenced it’s esteem for outline Rudi’s kid needed cougar stocks to make all the customers of all cultural back land and this move was seen by the upper classification individuals as something beneath them and they can non be seen have oning a similar exchange name as individuals on open help beneficiaries. All together for cougar exchange name to be acknowledged as an excellent exchange name of significant worth, power cougar to change and better its exchange name with the goal that it very well may be socially acknowledged by customers. Change in customers gustatory sensation and way for delineation there was appeal for underpins product and way dresss tend that was arranged toward high worth and way of life stocks, this adjustment in customers request impacted cougar to modify it’s exchange name picture to run into the customers turning request Segment change in affiliation football advertise for representation their was an appeal to respond to requests of the two childs playing on neighborhood pitch and subjects soccer crew playing proficient at worldwide degree that necessary excellent exchange name and with the end goal for cougar to tap in to these segment modification cougar expected to better its exchange name picture. Market change of 1980 when athleticss exchange name turned out to be progressively unique and shoppers taste differentiated into new and all the more energizing high money related worth that make stocks increasingly alluring this constrained cougar to modify its exchange name picture so they can hold up under down high fiscal incentive as customers partner high financial qualities with nature of exchange name or stock and the more amazingly charged the more attractive the exchange name. Presentation of specialties in the market offered appealing developing rates both occupant and new market members for outline skateboarding markets, golf athleticss, athleticss types of gear for out entryway exercises made jaguar adjustment its exchange name picture, for delineation for cougar to lounge this alluring developing its exchange name must be of high caliber. Binding together of businesses to arrange one enormous gathering for outline Rosso united with a few different enterprises in northern Italy to compose Genius bunch this was viewed as a threat since this implies more assets and solid monetary base and this prompted high disengaged planetary market and for cougar to toward the end in a very detached market it expected to adjust its exchange name picture Puma’s exchange name was offensive and had lost specailised athleticss dealers in its circulation web with the goal for cougar to determine its dissemination web it needed to better on its exchange name picture 1.1.3 Rivalry between rivals Jaguar most noteworthy rivalries are from the undermentioned opponents: Nike Inc Nike is the figure one athleticss exchange name universe over and from the case review Situated in USA Has got sub exchange name like Tiger words and Michael Jordan Adidas Salomon AG Arrangements on core athleticss ( affiliation football, sports A ; skiing ) Has more grounded financial assets Has it’s selling and configuration areas in Germany and France Prada Sports Extravagance exchange name It has entered in to athleticss segments four mature ages prior Arrangements in voguish way wear of high money related qualities Diesel Situated in Italy Way exchange name, studying dim glassess, footwear Opponents entered the market, for example, Adidas, Nike, Rebook among others entered the market and made rivalry for advertise partition was truly elevated and these adversaries would be wise to quality exchange name than cougars and among them, they shared 27 % of the market parcel, this hardened rivalry impacted cougar to better on it’s exchange name picture to last to toward the end in the competitory market Nike was the greatest adversary of all and it had the biggest market partition for representation Nike was turned into the world’s biggest athleticss gear industry in the late 1980 and keep this spot since so. Panther was covering in about indistinct stocks like cougar yet its exchange name was hapless so as to hold a part in the market topographic point cougar expected to better on its exchange name picture. Adidas-Salomon was other than another opponent that entered the market as the second world’s biggest maker of athleticss hardware industry in universe with about $ 6.5 billion in net incomes and was available in each express this put cougar in an extremely hard situation and with the end goal for cougar to hold a positive part in the market it expected to modify its exchange name Reebok other than entered the market at the clasp when cougar exchange name was hapless, Reebok was the universe tierce biggest member in the athleticss showcase, Reebok recognized footwear industry as a cardinal market and started to forcefully into abroad market this grow was viewed as a danger to jaguar and to last it panther needed to adjust its exchange name picture Prada however an extravagance grain, it other than began exchange sportswear four mature ages prior and this is a hazard for Puma and in light of the fact that however the money related an incentive for Prada exchange name is high, it great merchandise do assault customer who are eager to go for representation super beginnings, this is a threat to jaguar since cougar needs to non just with Prada yet with Nike, Adidas and Reebok for customers. 1.1.4 Selling plans Acquisitions of gatherings for delineation Rosso purchased out different life partners and set out on developing and extension this implies more rivalry for advertise parcels as he assembled a strong and gigantic dispersion stage across five mainlands portraying one-year net incomes of $ 330 million with extravagance exchange name promoting denims for each piece much as $ 100-$ 200 a support doing it’s exchange name all the more speaking to customers and with the end goal for cougar to last Such a ha

english colonies, north and so essays

english states, north thus expositions English Colonies, North and South Miguel Fuentes Chesapeake and New England were basically settled by individuals from a similar nation, yet the mentality of the two provinces were totally extraordinary. All left with beginning a settlement, however one depended on religion and prosperousness and the other depended on riches and eagerness. As composed by John Winthrope, rich, poor, amazing and feeble, must cooperate as one man under god-like. As he wrote cheerful on board the Arbella while in transit to the new world. The north appeared to be progressively prosperous and polite, the north was not scared of Indians, and attempt to take up arms, however attempted to instruct and help the Indians in the lessons of their god. as indicated by the rundown of wanderers to New England, families were setting out on the journey to the new world, therefore prompting the supposition that these individuals were going to attempt to begin a state to populate the new nation. The individuals of the north were strict individuals and based their life, rules and spirits on the lessons of the ruler, as appeared in the articles of understanding. The south anyway did not depend on such spirits as their contrary partners, the north. As assembled from the archives it didn't appear as though the south was attempting to manufacture a state by any stretch of the imagination. Agreeing tom the rundown of exiled people to Virginia, men vigorously out gauged ladies, in this manner it was difficult to assemble families. At the point when they arrived at Virginia they burrowed for gold constantly. These individuals were attempted to death and not took care of well as expressed in record F. The south continually battled with the Indians, intruders, for example, the Dutch, and themselves. Religion, good, and eagerness are a portion of the words that could be utilized in differentiating the north and the south. In spite of the fact that they all originated from England, they showed up in the new world totally extraordinary. They shared next to no in like manner in spite of the fact that the two of them endure, scarcely in the souths case, when they small spared by the di ... <!

Symbolism in Jane Eyre Essay Sample

Symbolism in Jane Eyre Essay Sample Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Brontë in 1847 was an exceptional novel at the time it was written. Its novelty consisted in the fact that the narrator was a young woman which was unprecedented before. Moreover, it was uncommon that a woman could define her own destiny and become not only a wife but fulfill herself in the society she lived in. The author expressed her idea of an ideal woman who can stand her ground, make independent decisions as well as career choices. No wonder that the publishing homes of the Victorian England initially were not receptive to such kind of prose and rejected the novel at first. Another peculiarity of the novel is abundance of symbols that Charlotte Bronte masterfully weaved into her writing to create a powerful gothic novel. The author uses sounds, colors, air of secrecy and dreams as symbols that set a certain mood and represent abstract concepts. The novel is abundant in symbols. In my essay, I will concentrate on the most prominent ones. The red-room in which Jane was locked up by her aunt represents the symbol of Jane’s emotional imprisonment, the ridicule she had gone through and the state of being emotionally trapped. In that room the girl felt overwhelming rage â€" a quality considered to be a vice as in the 19th century women were supposed to be submissive and benign. Throughout the novel the image of the red-room reoccurred on Janes’s mind whenever she found herself in an undignified situation. The splintered chestnut tree struck by lightning on the night when Rochester proposed to Jane symbolizes an evil omen. It was under the tree where the man asked Jane to be his wife. The incident with the split tree boded of the upcoming separation of the two loving hearts. Later on Rochester compared himself to the splintered tree and Jane to a “fresh budded woodbine”. If after the lightning had split the tree in half the couple still remained unflinching and kept preparing for the wedding, the torn veil was another symbol of something unpleasant looming on the horizon and casted a shadow over a seemingly bright future ahead. Jane discovered that the intricate lace of her wedding lace was torn in half just a few days before their wedding. Again, it is a symbol of upcoming separation and unrealized family dreams. Fire and ice constantly described in the novel also bear a symbolic meaning. Fire is viewed a as something associated with love, creativity and life while ice represents coldness and dispassion. In Jane’s eyes Rochester represents fire as opposed to St. John whom she associates with snow and ice. Even though fire as a symbol also has a destructing power, it is not viewed as something bad. Instead, during the first instance of fire Jane and Mr. Rochester grow closer and in the second blaze Bertha dies, and Rochester becomes freed from the chains of the past. The author also metaphorically emphasizes the importance of fire in a relationship as it fuels love and passion towards each other. By using symbols in her novel Charlotte Brontë created a mysterious gothic novel that keeps readers in suspense. Whether it is a bad omen for the loving ones, a terrifying fire or solitary confinement in the red room, the reader empathizes with the main characters and gasps in surprise when the mystery unveils.

Business Finance - 658 Words

Company Analysis (Aqua America) Investment decisions are of vital importance to all, since they determine the potential to succeed. The decision whether or not to invest in a particular business would be based on a careful consideration of some key financial indicators of that particular business. Aqua America (formerly Philadelphia Suburban Corp.) is the largest U.S.-based publicly traded water utility, providing water and waste services in 10 states: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, New Jersey, Indiana, North Carolina, Virginia, Florida and Georgia (unregulated). The first factor considered is ‘Volume’; volume here refers to the number of stocks bought and sold in a single day of trading. The average volume of stock traded†¦show more content†¦More so, the company has a positive cash flow. CPS gives a true account of how much cash a company really has on hand, and how effective its operations are. This is a crucial statistic in itself to determine if there is enough cash to pay off debt and engage in future endeavors that contribute to stock price increases. Another factor considered is the firms standing in the industry, Aqua America is ranked 5th in the industry. A good standing to a long extent determines how much influence a company has in its industry. Been ranked fifth in the industry, Aqua America hold an important position in the industry which shows their competitors can’t easily get them off the market, the economic outlook of the company shows favorable trend over the next few years as many aging pipeline would have to be replaced. In conclusion, after having considered Aqua America’s industrial conditions, their financial position and their economic outlook it could be concluded that investing in this company is a good decision. Word count (535) References Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., Marcus, A. J. Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. (McGraw- HillIrwin. New York. 2012). Karpoff, J. (1987). The Relation Between Price Changes And Trading Volume: A survey. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, vol. 22, 109-125. Lintner, John. (1965). The Valuation of Risk Assets andShow MoreRelatedBusiness Finance1291 Words   |  6 PagesUBFF2013 BUSINESS FINANCE Question: 1. (a) Frodo Baggins has RM1,500 to invest. His investment counselor suggests an investment that pays no stated interest but will return RM2,000 at the end of 3 years. (i) (ii) What annual rate of return will Frodo earn with this investment? Frodo is considering another investment, of equal risk, that earns an annual return of 8%. Which investment should he make and why? (b) Samwise Gamgee was seriously injured in an industrial accident. He suedRead MoreFinance in Business542 Words   |  2 PagesThe term finance originated in France. The English society adapted the word in the eighteenth century to mean administration of money. It has become a permanent fixture of English dictionary since then. Now it more than just a word and has developed into an important academic discipline. Moreover, the one expression which can effortlessly displace finance is EXCHANGE. Finance is only a trade of accessible assets. Finance is not just limited to the trade or administration of money. A barter exchangeRead MoreBusiness Finance17742 Words   |  71 Pageswhich means that its restaurant division is likely to become a larger part of the overall company over time. c. Kemp’s decision to not risk adjust means that the company will accept too many projects in the computer business and too few projects in the restaurant business. This will lead to a reduction in the overall value of the company. d. Statements a and b are correct. e. Statements b and c are correct. Risk-adjusted cost of capital Answer: b Diff: M [xxxii]. The BarabasRead MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreBusiness Models Of Internet Finance1699 Words   |  7 Pagesinternet finance industry is newly developed in China, with only a very brief history. However, the industry is growing at a rapid pace and is becoming a significant part of the overall financial industry in China. In terms of financial functions, internet finance is mainly comprised of payment and settlement services, sales of asset management productsï ¼Å'and financing. Without discussing any one particular area in depth, this paper is intended to provide a broad overview of each of the business modelsRead MoreBusiness Finance: Questions1612 Words   |  7 Pageswe must evaluate it using a higher rate of return than we would if we financed a portion of the facility with debt. Do you agree? Why or why not? Be sure to fully exp lain the rationale behind your argument. b. Suppose your firm is going to finance a new project 100% with retained earnings. Your boss claims that since the earnings are already being retained and that since no outside financing is required, the project should be evaluated at the risk-free rate of return. Is this appropriate? AreRead MoreBUSINESS FINANCE Business finance is the wide range of activities around the management of money1400 Words   |  6 Pages BUSINESS FINANCE Business finance is the wide range of activities around the management of money and valuable assets or rather is the business activity with capital funds in meeting financials needs. INTRODUCTION Business aims at building value for its owners, customers and other stakeholders. The value of the output should exceed the costs of input in resources. Resources which make information to flows areRead MoreThe Importance of Corporate Finance in a Business Plan2232 Words   |  9 PagesThe research is done by the request of the potential investors in the 5 Aces business club on the basis of the business plan provided. Problem faced: The importance of corporate finance in a business plan. The author of the paper is a 3rd year bachelor student in corporate finance Olga Jegorova. The aim of the paper is to elaborate the recommendations on the corporate finance importance when faced with a business plan analysis based on the theory and particular cases. To achieve the aimRead MoreBusiness Studies Essay Relating to Finance2046 Words   |  9 PagesManagement is a critical aspect of any business in order to achieve a sustainable and efficient cash flow. It is essential in maintaining the link between a business’s future financial goals (profit maximization) and the resources that it has in order to achieve its objectives. Businesses demand certain common goals that increase a bussinesss all around achievement, Some of which involve; growth amongst assests, An increase in efficiency in all areas of the business whether it be management or not. AndRead MoreRelationship Between Business And Finance And Accounting779 Words   |  4 PagesIn the world-at-large, Finance and Accounting are often erroneously linked together. As if to say, they are one-and-the-same – a sort of a misnomer, you can say. In conversations concerning both disciplines, the colloquial marriage of both business sectors is as common place as light is to the day. It is true, that to successfully manage a business, both principles must be applied in equilibrium to replicate success in any organized venture; however, their differences are highlighted in training

William Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger - 1493 Words

In 18th Century Britain, the poets of what became known as the Romantic Period sought to communicate truth in a world where the lofty ideals of The Enlightenment were evaporating to reveal the harsh realities of a society that favored material progress over spiritual progress. In so doing, these poets embraced and drew inspiration from the beauties and mysteries of nature in attempts to draw parallels between the truths they found there and the inner experience of Mankind. Counted among the several writers who recorded their artistic and emotional responses to the natural world, William Blake explores the concept of life’s dualities and how this concept applied to life in 18th Century Britain, as well as to the relationship between the body and spirit, in his most popular works, Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul (1794). Two standout poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† respectively taken from Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, demonstrate Blake’s meditation on how innocence and experience in life create a binary and complementary relationship that is observable in our outer world as well as in our inner being. As one of the titles in his Songs of Innocence, William Blake chooses the lamb, naturally gentle and docile, as a representative of the concept of innocence. In Blake’s poem, a child shepherd addresses the lamb, identifying early its â€Å"clothing of delight,† and its â€Å"tender voice/Making all the vales rejoice†Show MoreRelatedWilliam Blake s The Tyger And The Lamb 940 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ages many writers have come and gone, and with them brought many ideas or viewpoints on life and the human soul. Undoubtedly, William Blake was indeed one of those monumental writers who paved the way for new thinking. A thinking of the human soul and two intricate parts that join to fulfill a soul. Both pairs of the soul are illustrated in both The Tyger and The Lamb. Both poems being commonly referred to as staples of poetry, can allude to different ideas. Man believe they deal with the questionsRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger1473 Words   |  6 P agesWhile Blake’s â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger† contrast each other as the innocence and experiences that happen in the world, they also reflect on how our Creator could create such evil and purity in the same world. The same of Wordsworth’s representation of his past self vs. his present self, both are necessary to understand â€Å"the life of things† more deeply. Innocence is the foundation upon which experience is built meaning that experience and tragic parts of life start from the innocence of a personRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger873 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed as pure, tender, and innocent. Even in the Holy Bible, lambs are talked about in such high honor that they were even used to be holy sacrifices during biblical times. William Blake describes the young sheep in similar characteristics in the poem â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†. A tiger as we know its characteristics to be is fierce and mysterious. Always lurking around, waiting for the perfect opportunity to strike. In William Blake’s two separate poems he ties each of the poems together withRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tyger is a six-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifyingRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesin The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake his idea that there are two different types of people in this world yet we need both for balance. His nex t poem The Chimney Sweeper has many hidden meaning within his poem about his views on society. Then he goes on in his poem titled Infant Sorrow to reveal his thoughts on non-conformists. William Blake makes a different criticism of society in his four poems The Lamb, The Tyger, The Chimney Sweeper and Infant Sorrow. To begin, William Blake uses hisRead More Analysis of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blake was a first generation Romantic poet. Many of his poems were critical of a society who thought themselves to be almost perfect, a society run by, not their own free will, but the use of technology. He wanted people to question what they had always done, and whether it was morally right. He did so by using varying techniques that set up clashes between ideologies and reality. His poems allow us to see into ‘the eternal world of the spirit’ and his dreams of the sacred EnglandRead More The Underlying Message of The Tyger by William Blake Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Underlying Message of The Tyger by William Blake Blake’s legendary poem â€Å"The Tyger† is deceivingly straightforward. Though Blake uses â€Å"vividly simple language† (Hirsch, 244), the poem requires a deeper understanding from the reader. There are many misconceptions concerning the symbols in â€Å"The Tyger† (specifically the tiger itself). This often leads to confusion concerning the underlying message of the poem. Compared to Blake’s â€Å"meek† and â€Å"mild† lamb, the tiger is hard to accept. It is a symbolRead MoreEssay about Analysis of â€Å"the Tyger† and â€Å"the Lamb†1290 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake explains that there is more that meets the eye when one examines the Creator and his creation, the tiger. The character is never defined. All throughout the poem the character questions the Creator of the tiger to determine if the Creator is demonic or godlike. The poem reflects mainly the character’s reaction to the tiger, rather than the tiger ‘s reaction to the world. The character is inquiring about the location of the Creator of the tiger when he says, â€Å" In whatRead MoreWilliam Blakes The Tyger1115 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Lopez Period: 2 English 4 The Tyger Analysis It was said once that â€Å"Who wants flowers when you’re dead? Nobody.† Many times our own misconception can lead us to different perspectives and different point of views that cause a disunity between our ways of thinking. However nothing can be further than the truth and staying true to yourself. As for William Blake this is the exact concept efforted in his poem â€Å"The Tyger† as he introduces the concept of life’s creation and questioning the creatorRead MoreWhitman And Blake Vs. Blake889 Words   |  4 PagesWhitman and Blake both use animals to symbolize humankind’s experience of Nature The theme of the work is â€Å"Whitman and Blake both use animals to symbolize humankind’s experience of Nature†. To begin with I’d like to tell some information about Whitman and Blake’s life and work. Walt Whitman was an American poet, publicist and reformer of the American poetry. Whitman was the singer of the world democracy†, positive sciences, love and the association without social borders. He was also an innovator

The Tragic History of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare Free Essays

In the Tragic History of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, , the sane Hamlet occasionally switches between sanity and insanity. When madness orders Hamlet’s purpose, he puts on an â€Å"antic disposition† (I. V. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragic History of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare or any similar topic only for you Order Now 463). On the other hand, when sanity proves worthy, Hamlet continues back to being logical. Hamlet claims he is â€Å"mad north-north-west (II. ii), meaning he is mad sometimes and sane other times. To achieve his goals, Hamlet continues back and forth between sanity and insanity, which ironically, shows his goal of revenge. To begin, Hamlet starts of insanity to try and achieve his goals. Hamlet uses is insanity as a weapon, changing insanity into the form of words or action. Hamlet is only insane towards his enemies or his enemies allies. For example, Hamlet attacks Ophelia, who has allied herself with Claudius with words â€Å"are you honest† (III. i) â€Å"are you fair† (III. i). Hamlet â€Å"speaks daggers† (III. ii) to Gertrude, because she is an interference to Hamlet. Also, Hamlet destroys Polonius so violently that Hamlet guarantees that Polonius is â€Å"dead, for a ducat, dead† (III. iv). Hamlet deeply harms both Ophelia and Gertrude with his words of insanity, while sending Polonius to the grace with his actions of insanity. All three people, Ophelia, Gertrude and Polonius, are Claudius’ allies, and by hurting Claudius’ allies, Hamlet is indirectly wounding Claudius. This is Hamlet’s short term goal: to get rid Claudius of allies. Besides using insanity to harm Claudius’ allies, the little presence of Hamlet’s insanity troubles Claudius. Gradually, Claudius gets more furious with Hamlet and knows that â€Å"madness in great ones must not unwatch’d go† (III. i. ). Hamlet’s insanity causes Claudius to send people to uncover the mysteries of his insanity. Hamlet’s fake madness causes Claudius to increase anger. Claudius’ confusion is Hamlet’s other short-term goal. In brief, Hamlet’s insanity has helped him achieve his short-term goals of eradicating Claudius’ allies and confusing Claudius. On the other hand, Hamlet returns to sanity and uses it as a method of concentration. Whenever Hamlet is sane, he is focused on the current situation. When Hamlet encounters the ghost, he tells it to â€Å"speak†, because he is â€Å"bound to hear† (I. v. ). While speaking with the ghost, Hamlet cries for his â€Å"prophetic soul† (I. v. ). Hamlet is also very focused when speaking and listening to Horatio. When Horatio tells Hamlet about the ghost of Hamlet’s father, Hamlet asks Horatio to â€Å"let him hear† (I. ii. ). While sane, Hamlet’s thoughts are clear and he is focused on the topic. When meeting his father’s ghost, he pays full attention to it. When Hamlet speaks to Horatio about Hamlet’s father’s ghost, Hamlet listens and speaks with sanity. Hamlet also refers to his â€Å"prophetic soul† (I. v. ). Since Hamlet describes himself to have a â€Å"prophetic soul† (I. v. ), it shows that his mind is very clear, unlike the mind of the insane. Hamlet’s short-term goal is to concentrate when necessary. When Hamlet is alone, his thoughts are very thorough. For example, Hamlet’s â€Å"to be or not to be† (III. i. ) speech is very clearly thought out. Hamlet’s thoughts are much more mature than those of the insane. Hamlet’s second short-term goal is to philosophize. Through the return into sanity, Hamlet is able to accomplish both his short-term goals of concentration and philosophizing. However, due to the constant reversal between sanity and insanity, Hamlet’s revenge is slowed down. Hamlet’s mind becomes tangled due to constant changes in personality, between sanity and insanity. Early in the play, Hamlet says that he will put on an â€Å"antic disposition† (I. v. ). However, in the last scene of the play, Hamlet tells Horatio that â€Å"in my heart there was a kind of fighting† (V. ii. ). At one point he says that he will fake insanity, while later, he says that there is fighting in his heart, which hints insanity. Due to this, Hamlet becomes indecisive. Hamlet’s inability to act causes his revenge to be slowed. In the end, it is believed that Hamlet is very sane. His act of insanity is to mess with the others heads. He knows that Claudius has sent Rosencrantz and guildenstern to spy on him. He doesn’t want them to know that what he is planning is to unveil the truth, and that Claudius murdered King Hamlet. He does not want Claudius to know that he knows the truth. Hamlet switches between sanity and insanity to achieve his short-term goals. He uses insanity against enemies and sanity as a method of concentration. However, the constant switch of sanity and insanity brings him a slow revenge. How to cite The Tragic History of Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Papers

Skechers advert Essay Example

Skechers advert Paper The Live advert takes up the whole page apart from the border at the bottom with the company name, Schwarzkopf on it. The effect of this is that they want the company name to stand out as well as the product and to be separate from the product.  The Skechers advert takes up the whole page, the effect of this is that they want the whole advert to stand out.  The Live advert is in colour. The advert needs to be in colour so then people would know what the product looks like. If this advert wasnt in colour then nobody would go out and buy it. The advert is in colour because its selling hair colour and the company needs to show us what the colour looks like. The Skechers advert is in colour so you can seethe different colour trainers, also adverts need to be in colour so it can stands out and catch your attention.  In both of the adverts they have shown us a picture of the product that they are selling so we can see what it looks like.  In the Live advert it has pictures of the packaging, so if you want to buy it you know what it looks like.  They havent shown the packaging in the Skechers advert, but the packaging would be a shoebox and you dont need a picture to show it.  The name of the first advert is Live this would imply that the hair colour would make your hair seem alive because it would be really shiny and glossy. We will write a custom essay sample on Skechers advert specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Skechers advert specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Skechers advert specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The name of the second advert is, Skechers USA this would imply that the company who makes these trainers are from the USA.  Both of the adverts I have chosen tell a story. The live adverts story is two girls in the cinema; one girl has dyed her hair red. There are two boys at the back who are looking at the girls.  The Skechers advert story is a group of friends having fun, smiling and enjoying them selves.  The story of each advert helps promote the product because you want to be like them. You want to be like the girl in the Live advert because the boys are attracted to her.  You want to be like the girl in the Skechers advert because she looks like she is having fun.  The relationship between the two girls in the Live advert is that they are friends. Also the two boys look like they are good friends.  The girl in the Live advert has really shiny hair, she is also wearing a shiny top to make her stand out from everybody else.  Everyone in the Skechers advert are wearing casual clothes, this would mean that the trainers would suit any type of clothes. All the people in Skechers advert seem to be richer, because they are all wearing expensive clothes and trainers.  The people in the Live advert dont seem to be that rich because hair dye is cheaper than trainers are and they are at the cinema, which isnt very expensive.  The characters in the adverts are the people the target audience wants to be like, because they look like they are enjoying them selves.  The Live advert has an advert shown on the television, but selling different hair colours as well as the one on this advert. There are a few adverts that Ive seen selling Skechers trainers, in one of them they have used celebrity endorsement, this means they pay a celebrity to advertise their product. In this case they have used Britney Spears.  I found the Live advert and the Skechers advert in a Bliss magazine.  Both of the adverts fit into this magazine because, they are trying to sell to teenagers so they put the advert in a magazine that teenagers read. Its no point putting the adverts into a gardening magazine because gardeners arent the target audience. The target audience for the Live advert is for teenage girls aged between fifteen and twenty-four.The target audience for the Skechers trainers is for teenage girls aged between thirteen and twenty-nine.  The Live advert is trying to sell us the product using attractive people and romance because the boys are attracted to the girls, so if you get this product then boys would be attracted to you.  In conclusion: I think that the Live advert is good because its got a lot of information in it.  The Skechers advert is good because they look like they are having fun and makes you buy it because you want to have fun. I would buy both of the adverts but if I had to chose one I would chose the Live advert because it persuaded me the most.  I didnt chose the Skechers advert because there are so many trainers on the market to chose from also I didnt think the advert pursued me the most.  I think both of the adverts would appeal to the target audience because it appealed to me, so if its good enough for me its good enough for anyone else.

Pros and Cons of Teacher Tenure

Pros and Cons of Teacher Tenure Teacher tenure, sometimes referred to as career status, provides job security for teachers who have successfully completed a probationary period. The purpose of tenure is to protect teachers from being fired for noneducational issues including personal beliefs or personality conflicts with administrators, school board members, or any other authority figure. Tenure Definition Teacher  tenure  is a policy that restricts the ability of administrators or school boards to fire teachers. Contrary to popular belief, tenure is not a guarantee of lifetime employment, but cutting through the red tape needed to fire a tenured teacher can be extremely difficult, the website notes. Laws pertaining to teacher tenure vary from state to state, but the overall spirit is the same. Teachers who receive tenure have a higher level of job security than a nontenured teacher. Tenured teachers have certain guaranteed rights that protect them from losing their jobs for unsubstantiated reasons. Probationary Status vs. Tenured Status To be considered for tenure, an educator must teach at the same school for a certain number of consecutive years with satisfactory performance. Public school teachers, in grammar, middle, and high school generally have to teach for three years to earn tenure. Private school teachers have a wider range: from one to five years depending on the school. The years prior to tenure status are called probationary status. Probationary status is essentially a trial run for teachers to be evaluated- and if necessary to terminated- through a much easier process than one who has received tenured status. Tenure does not transfer from district to district. If a teacher leaves one district and accepts employment in another, the process essentially starts over. In higher education, it generally takes six or seven years to earn tenure, which at colleges and universities is known as a full professorship or simply as achieving the position of professor. In the years before achieving tenure, a teacher might be an instructor, an associate professor, or an assistant professor. Typically, college or university instructors are given a series of two- or four-year contracts and then reviewed around their third year, and again in the fifth or sixth year. To achieve tenure, a non-tenured instructor might need to exhibit published research, proficiency in attracting grant funding, teaching excellence, and even community service or administrative ability, depending on the institution. Tenured teachers in public education at the grammar, middle, or high school level, are entitled to due process when they are threatened with dismissal or nonrenewal of contract. This process is exceedingly tedious for administrators because just like in a trial case, the administrator must show proof that the teacher is ineffective and has failed to meet district standards in a hearing before the school board. The administrator must produce definitive evidence that he gave the teacher the support and resources necessary to correct the problem if it is an issue relating to the educators performance. The administrator must also be able to show proof that the teacher willingly neglected her duty as a teacher. Differences Among States States differ as  to how a teacher achieves tenure, as well as in the due process procedure for firing a tenured teacher. According to the  Education Commission of the States, 16 states regard performance as the most important step for a teacher to earn tenure, while others place a higher level of importance on the amount of time an educator has spent working in the classroom. The organization notes some of the differences in how states handle the issue of tenure: Florida, North Carolina, Kansas, and Idaho have chosen to repeal tenure outright, phase out tenure, or remove due process provisions, though Idaho’s effort to abolish tenure was reversed by its voters.Seven states require districts to return teachers to probationary status if their performance is rated unsatisfactory.Instead of making layoff decisions on the basis of tenure status or seniority, 12 states require that teacher performance be the primary consideration. Ten  states explicitly prohibit the use of tenure status or seniority. The American Federation of Teachers notes that there are wide disparities in due process in regard to firing or disciplining tenured teachers. Citing a New York court case, Wright v. New York, the organization said that due process for firing a tenured teacher- which the plaintiffs attorney in the case called uber due process- lasted an average of 830 days and cost more than $300,000, meaning that very few administrators would pursue a case of terminating a tenured teacher. The federation adds that an analysis using the New York State Education Department data found that in 2013, disciplinary cases took only about 177 days statewide. And in New York City, data show that the median length of proceedings is just 105 days. Indeed, Connecticut has adopted an 85-day policy for terminating tenured teachers, unless there is agreement from both sides to extend the process, the AFT says. Pros of Tenure Advocates for teacher tenure say that teachers need protection from power-hungry administrators and school board members who have personality conflicts with a particular teacher. For example, tenure status protects a teacher when a school board member’s child fails the teachers class. It provides job security for teachers, which can translate to happier teachers who perform at a higher level. ProCon.org sums up a few other pros of teacher tenure: Tenure protects teachers from being fired for teaching unpopular, controversial, or otherwise challenged curricula such as evolutionary biology and controversial literature, says the nonprofit website that examines the arguments for and against various issues.Tenure helps with recruitment because it offers teachers a stable and secure job.Tenure gives teachers the freedom to be creative in the classroom and rewards them for their years of dedication. Tenure also ensures that those who have been there longest have guaranteed job security in tough economic times even though a more inexperienced teacher may cost the district significantly less in salary. Cons of Tenure Opponents of tenure argue that it is too difficult to get rid of a teacher who has been proved to be ineffective in the classroom. Due process is particularly tedious and difficult, they say, adding that districts have tight budgets, and the costs of a due process hearing can cripple a district’s budget. ProCon.org summarizes some of the other cons opponents cite when discussing teacher tenure: Teacher tenure leads complacency because teachers know they are not likely to lose their employment.Teachers already have sufficient protection through court rulings, collective bargaining, and state and federal laws making tenure unnecessary.Because of tenure rules, its too expensive to remove educators, even when their performance is subpar or they are guilty of wrongdoing. Finally, opponents argue that administrators are less likely to discipline a teacher who is tenured compared to one who is a probationary teacher even if they have committed the same offense because it is such a difficult proposition to remove a tenured teacher.

English Essay Writing Outline

English Essay Writing Outline English Essay Writing Outline English Essay Writing Outline Prior to writing English essay, you need to develop strategies for thinking and questioning. Setting up comparisons, questioning propositions, checking an argument for validity are all relevant for essay writing. Here are some useful strategies for your English essay writing outline. Ultimately, you will need to devise the one you can comfortably use while writing college English essay. Strategy one: Introduction (raise an issue). Say why X, Y and Z are important. Say what your English essay discusses and what the order is in which it is structured. Set the context, generate a background, and touch on issues. Review the background literature if it is necessary for English essay writing. Make specific comparisons. Give examples. Construct an argument based on evidence (main body of an essay). Draw some conclusions if you can. Summarize if necessary and point out any important implications. Add references, bibliography, and an appendix. Strategy two: Decide on approximately ten areas you want to write about. Write an outline and introduction. Write logically from paragraph to paragraph. Search for a more appropriate structure. Try out at least 3 structures. Choose one of these and redraft an English essay. Look at the overall shape. Is there an argument? Use a checklist devised by you to see if you have considered everything you needed to consider. Add references, bibliography, and an appendix. Good Essay Topics There are many ways to write about the same essay topic. Writing an essay sometimes you are clarifying a point, sometimes analyzing the implications of the point you have just made. Below are the four common strategies for English essay writing.   You are welcome to choose any strategy: 1 Describing 2 Interpreting 3 Generalizing 4 Hypothesizing The commonest form of English essay writing and the one that is the easiest to apply is describing. Description may be essential if you have to analyze the rigorous analysis and provide insightful comment. It is rarely possible to sustain lengthy description without moving to other forms of writing, especially if it is passive, factual description of events and situations. If you are not sure whether your academic English essay writing is descriptive without being analytical, try to find propositions within the essay. If none exists, then you probably have a mere description rather than expression of a point of view. Description acts as a symbol from which the reader can easily understand the message of the English essay.   Placing an order at .com, you receive custom written English essay and free outline.   In addition, you are welcome to request free services such as editing, revision, and cover page.   We are open for mutually beneficial cooperation based on tr ust and respect.

Aegisplc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Aegisplc - Essay Example The common stocks of the company are traded in the London Stock Exchange under the symbol CEY and it is also traded in the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol CET. The value of CEY common stocks as of February 22, 2013 is $54 (Yahoo, 2013). The company has offices in London, Egypt, and Australia. The majority of the firm’s employees are located in Egypt. The total revenue of Centamin Plc in fiscal year 2011 was $340.4 million (Annual Report: Centamin, 2011). The firm’s revenues increase by 183% in comparison with the previous year. In 2011 the net income of Centamin Plc was $177.79 million. The profitability of the company is outstanding. The firm’s gross profit in 2011 58.8%, while its net margin was 52.27%. The net margin is a measure of the absolute profitability of a company. The firm’s earnings per share (EPS) in 2011 was $16.68. EPS is a financial metric that tends to have an effect on the market price per share (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). A high EPS ratio is a desirable outcome. The total assets and total equity of the company as of December 31, 2011 were $834.52 million and $806.22 million respectively. The return on assets of the company in 2011 was 21.33%, while its return on equity metric was 22.08%. Both financial metrics are outstanding illustrating that the company is generating good revenues in rel ation to both its assets and equity. The current ratio of the company is 10.34. Current ratio is a solvency ratio that measures the ability of a company to pay off its current obligations. The formula to calculate current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. The company’s current ratio is outstanding considering the fact that a current ratio is good if is above the 1.0 threshold. Another solvency ratio is working capital. Working capital shows the ability of a company to pay its current liabilities solely with its current assets. The working capital of the firm in 2011 was

Ideal Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ideal Leader - Essay Example They have a tendency to learn fast from their mistakes and take different actions to produce different results. Common people keep on repeating the same action expecting a different result. stick to the tried and tested formulas even if they think that something else might work better. Society has a tendency to follow the age old practices and rules without really thinking about their results. Even if they think that the things going on are wrong and unfair, they do not have guts to raise their voice against it and take responsibility for that. They fear the repercussions of going against the authority. Leaders take the decisions on the behalf of all the people who he is leading. When leaders take a decision, they are well aware of the fact that their decisions are going to affect the lives of all the people who they are leading. This is a huge responsibility to bear. However, they are not scared of shouldering this responsibility (Fairholm 2000. p. 66). Society if full of people who follow the rules, thinking patterns and social practices that are set from ages together. They hardly question the injustice and the bias towards people of particular ethnic background. Raising a voice against the social injustice means going against the ancestors and the authority that supports those rules. It is like going against the orthodox religious practices and government rules. This could mean punishment, criticism from the authoritative figures and isolation by the society. However, leaders are not afraid of it. They know what they are doing is right and no threat can suppress them from taking the action against it. People who dare to talk against the traditional practices are often alone in their journey

Understanding Young Adult Footwear Shoppers in India

Understanding Young Adult Footwear Shoppers in India Executive Summary ‘A man can be judged by the shoes he wears. Footwear today is much more than just an integral part of ones attire; it helps the modern day consumer make his or her unique lifestyle statement. This study was done to understand the footwear preferences was various categories of footwear and to understand the footwear shopping behaviour. The objective of the study was to segment young adult footwear shoppers into unique footwear shopping orientation groups and to develop a profile for each segment with respect to footwear benefits sought, importance of store attributes, patronage behavior and demographics. To start with, a secondary research was done to gain a broad understanding of the footwear industry in India, in particular footwear retail, and the modern Indian consumer. In-depth interviews of 10 young adults from metros, both males and females, were conducted to arrive at the parameters used in the evaluation of footwear, footwear retail stores and also to understand general footwear usage and buying behavior. This understanding and the parameters arrived at were then used in formulating a questionnaire consisting of 60 line items which was administered through online surveys. A total of 100 responses were achieved of which 85 were complete responses. The data of the complete responses was then analyzed through frequency distributions, factor analysis and cluster analysis. Factor analysis helped to reduce the number of variables to 8 factors. On the basis of these 8 factors, the 85 respondents were classified into 3 clusters with unique shopping orientations. The result of this study can be helpful to footwear retailers in customizing their merchandising, display, and other store attributes like space and availability of mirrors to gain maximum store loyalty and patronage. Introduction Footwear is much more than just an integral part of ones attire: while on the one extreme, it helps the modern day consumer make his or her unique lifestyle statement, it also helps enhances the performance of athletes and sportsmen at the other extreme. A brief history of footwear One of the first things made by our primitive ancestors was foot covering. It was primarily used to protect themselves from burning sand, rocks and rugged terrain. Records show that different civilizations like Egyptian, Chinese and other early civilizations, all contained reference to shoes. It is also mentioned in the Bible. The Hebrews also used it in binding a bargain (Shoe History, 2009). The first form of shoe consisted of a simple piece of plaited grass or rawhide which was strapped to the feet. During early times, sandals were the most common type of footwear. In Mesopotamia, during 1600 1200 BC, a particular type of shoes were used. They were soft and made of wraparound leather. Up to almost 1850, the method of making shoes was the same as that in 14th century B.C. in Egypt. Hand tools were used. Shoes were absolutely straight. There was no difference between the right and left shoe (Shoe History, 2009). In 1845, the first machine that found a permanent place in the shoe manufacturing industry was invented- the Rolling machine. In 1846, a sewing machine was invented. In 1875, a machine was developed which later came to be known the Goodyear Welt Sewing Machine (Shoe History, 2009). Rubber heels for shoes were patented in on January 24, 1895 by Humphrey OSullivan. These rubber heels on shoes outlasted the leather heels then in use (The History of Shoes, 2009). Keds were first mass-marketed in 1917 (The History of Shoes, 2009). They were positioned as canvas-top sneakers. These were officially the first sneakers. The word sneaker was coined by Henry Nelson McKinney, an advertising agent. This was because the rubber sole made the shoe stealthy. All other shoes, barring a few exceptions like moccasins, made noise when a person walked. Hence you could ‘sneak on anyone wearing Keds. Since the mid-20th century, the type of shoes being created has changed considerably compared to the traditional crafting techniques. This is due to advances in plastics, rubber, synthetic cloth, plastics and industrial adhesives. Leather, even though is still used in expensive dress shoes is no longer really used in athletic shoes. Soles, which were once hand stitched, are now machine stitched or simply glued on. A century ago, if a lot of effort was put in, a person might have been able to produce a few pairs of shoes. Today, automatic Toe Laster for Goodyear Welt shoes can produce 1200 pairs in an 8-hour day (Shoe History, 2009). Footwear industry in India Industry overview The Indian footwear and leather industry is amongst the top-10 foreign exchange earners. It is also amongst the top-12 focus manufacturing sectors in the country if we consider it in terms of competitiveness and untapped potential. The worlds largest footwear manufacturer is China. Next is India. India producs 16 billion pairs accounting for 13% of global footwear production. India produces 2065 million pairs of different categories of footwear (leather shoe uppers 100 million pairs, non-leather footwear 1056 million pairs and leather footwear 909 million pairs). India exports just 115 million pairs of footwear. Almost 95% of the production goes into meeting the domestic demand. Nearly 15 percent of Europes leading brands outsource their footwear, apparel and fashion accessories purchases from India. Indias domestic footwear market is better than others around the world primarily because of abundant raw materials, low cost of production and a huge consumption market. Indias major importers for Indian leather products: Country Share (%) Germany 14.12 Italy 12.82 UK 11.48 USA 9.98 Hong Kong 6.61 Spain 6.09 France 6.14 Netherlands 4.13 UAE 2.38 Australia 1.55 Total 75.30 The 10 countries mentioned above account for nearly 75.30% of Indias total leather products export. More than half of the Indian footwear market comprises of gents footwear. This is contrary to the world wide trend. The worlds major production is in ladies footwear. Hence, in India there is immense scope in the womens segment. In the unorganized sector, more than 80 percent of the sales happen in the mens segment. However this is might change soon. The footwear industry is extremely labor intensive- 90% of its production comes from SMEs (small and medium enterprises). There are in excess of 42,000 such SME units, there are primarily concentrated in two provinces in Uttar Pradesh up north and in Tamil Nadu down south. They are also present in Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Punjab. Agra, Ranipet, Kanpur, Ambur, Jodhpur and Kolhapur are also traditionally renowned centers of excellence in the production of leather and footwear. In the last five years, footwear production in the country has increased by nearly 60%. Out of this, the rural areas consume 75% of the footwear production. It has become a necessity product there since till now, they have been majorly deprived of its usage. The Footwear sector has now been de-licensed and de-reserved. This has paved the way for expansion of capacities on modern lines using state-of-the-art machinery. In order to assist this process further, the Government has permitted 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) through automatic route for footwear sector. Categorization or classification of footwear The Indian footwear market, in terms of quality offerings, has four main segments: 1. The super premium end- comprises the best of global luxury brands 2. The high-end or premium 3. The mid/economy ranges- comprises of formals, functional, casuals and party wear 4. The low-priced mass range- includes leather and plastic strapped slippers, as utility wear Apart from this, the genuine active sportswear segment with different price ranges also exists. The volume share of the economy/mid range has reduced. It was 61% in 2006-07. It has come down to 53%. The active sports-wear segment has increased its share from 7% to 9.6%. Premium leather and premium non-leather segments have both seen a rise from 7% and 3% in 2006-07 to 7.3% and 3.5% respectively in 2007-08. The super premium luxury segment has a 0.08% market share. In terms of sales value, this is a very significant number. Also there are four major categories of footwear: 1. Sports footwear 2. Semi-formal or casual footwear 3. Formalwear 4. Utility footwear The Indian footwear market mainly consists of casual wear. It occupies nearly two-thirds of the total footwear retail market. The other sub-segment that is doing well is the branded sportswear segment. It is estimated to be about Rs. 1,000 crore. The main players in this space consist of reebok, Adidas and Lotto. Compared to other segments, this segment is growing fast in terms of the number of outlets. Apart from footwear, these outlets also sell apparel. Major players in Indian footwear industry The top domestic and premium brands in India consist of: 1. Action It has a pan Indian presence. It consists of multiple branded outlets (MBOs), 135 exclusive branded outlets (EBOs). It commands a total of 175,000 square feet retail space. 2. Bata It is a household name in India. It was the brand that made branded footwear popular. Bata India Limited manufactures and markets various types of footwear, leather and footwear components. Apart from these, the company markets products related to footwear, garments, accessories, sports goods and other merchandise. Batas sub-brands consist of Dr Scholls, Hush puppies, Bubblegummer and Power. Till the first quarter of 2009, Bata India had 1,293 outlets. Bata India is currently looking to expand towards Tier I Tier II cities. 3. Khadims Currently, it has over 329 outlets. The area under it is approximately 148,000 square feet retail space. It is present in 22 cities across India. 4. Liberty After Bata, it is arguably the most popular domestic brand. It is the only Indian company among the worlds top 5 leather footwear manufacturers. It has EBOs as Revolutions and Liberty. Revolutions provides footwear, travel accessories, watches, leather accessories, sun-glasses and jewellery Its sub-brands consist of Footfun, Force 10, Senorita, Gliders, Tiptopp, Windsor, Coolers, June, Warrior and Perfect. Liberty has 360 EBOs, 40 Shop-in-shops and 150 distributors. It services 6000 MBOs. The total retail space under it is 1.26 million square feet. 5. Metro, Mochi These are two brands from Metro Shoes Ltd. They were launched in 1977 and 2000 respectively. It consists of over 85 EBOs and 76 MBOs. The retail space under it is 131,000 square feet. It is present in 32 cities. 6. Pavers England It stated in India in early 2008. It was launched in Reliance stores. It is a Chennai based brand. It operates 40 MBOs. 7. Red Tape This brand belongs to Mirza International. It was launched in 1996 in the domestic market. It started its exclusive retail operations in 2006. By end-2008 it had 10 company-owned EBOs, 50 franchise-owned EBOs and also 135 Shops-in-shops. 8. Sreeleathers It was established in 1950. It is a very strong brand in Easten India. It has 5 company-owned EBOs and 28 franchise-owned EBOs. 9. Woodland It is looking to enter the junior and kidswear segment. It is also looking at apparels business very optimistically. It hopes that this business will contribute to half of its total sales in India. It operates 250 EBOs in India. 10. Lilliput It is a leading brand in kids footwear. By the end of 2008, it had 250 EBOs and also 100 shop-in shops. 11. MB Footwear It has 2 in-house brands, viz ID and Mercell. It has been operating for more than 21 years. It has tie-ups with brands like Lee Cooper. By the end of 2008, it had 32 EBOs and also 11 shop-in-shops. International brands in India 1. Adidas It is one of the biggest companies in the sports goods category. This nramd has acquired Reebok. It now consists of 3 brand divisions: Adidas, Taylormade-Adidas golf and Reebok. Adidas brand focuses on sports. It offers footwear, apparel and hardware in three divisions which include sport heritage, sport performance, and sport style. The sport performance division focuses on the hardcore sports player. The sport heritage division focuses on the casual sports man. The sport style division focuses the fashion-conscious consumers. The Reebok brand focuses more on style. Adidas entered India in 1977. It operates more than 450 EBOs. It has 340,000 square feet retail space. It claims a 20% market share in the active sports segment. 2. Lotto It currently has 10 flagship EBOs in India. It has plans to increase it to 100 by the end of 2010. It is present in 30 Indian cities. 3. Nike It has 107 EBOs in India 4. Guess (Premium) It was launched in 2005 by Planet Retail in India. It operates 19 EBOs and one shop-in-shop. 5. Carlton London (Premium) It currently operates 10 EBOs. It has 50,000 square feet retail space in India. It is concentrated in North India. It has plans to open up new stores in metros and in Tier I cities. MBO Retailers 1. Planet Sports It has 39 outlets and a retail space of 73,000 square feet. It is present in 21 cities across India. 2. Provogue It was launched in 2005. It consists of 55 EBOs and also 15 shop-in-shops. 3. Reliance Footprints It is a division of Reliance Retail Ltd. It started its operations in 2007. It currently operates 14 MBOs. It offers global brands like Ecco, Geox, Josef Siebel, Rockport, Florsheim, Hush Puppies, Lee Cooper and Clarks, Piccadilly, Dr. Scholls, Levis, Crocs, Disney among others. Apart from these, it sells handbags as well as accessories. 4. Shoe Factory It is a value format. It offers huge variety of footwear for a wide age groups. It started its operations in Ahmedabad in 2006. It is present in 16 locations and has a retails space of 48,000 square feet across 8 cities. 5. The Blues It is an exclusive licensee of major global brands like Corneliani (2006), Versace Collection (2005), VJC Versace Jeans Couture (2008), Cadini (2005), Versace (2008). By the end of 2008, it had 6 franchised EBOs, 3 shop-in-shops and also one MBO. Emergence of modern Indian retail Introduction In 2007, the Indian retail sector stood at $350 billion. It was predicted to increase to $427 billion by 2010 and $635 billion by 2015 (Morierty, 2007). Many Indian business houses are entering or have already entered this sector. The food and grocery sector is turning out to be a major contributer to this field. Even though it started slowly, it is now growing at a feverish pace. The other forms of retail have also evolved consistently. With the huge business houses entering into this business, the field has become extremely competitive between them. This is one sector that is looking to explode in the near future. Today, mega Indian business houses and corporate like the Future Group of Kishore Biyani (Food Bazaar), Reliance Group of Mukesh Ambani (Reliance Fresh Reliance Hyper), ITC Ltd (Choupal Fresh Choupal Saagar), Wadhawan Holdings (Spinach), RPG Group (Spencers Retail), the Aditya Birla Group (More), Subhiksha, the Godrej group (Natures Basket Godrej Aadhar), J Raheja group (Hypercity), etc. are driving the forays into retail through different models like single-format, multi-format or integrated urban-rural model. (Sengupta, 2007) However, the growth of the Indian retail space has been a long and ardous journey. Let us have a brief look at how the sector as a whole has evolved over the years. History It is popularly assumed that with the opening of the Indian economy in the early 1990s, the retail sector started opening up. This is when all the supermarkets and hypermarkets came into existence. However, the types of retail formats have existed in India since 1970s. In 1971, Nilgiris was set up in Bangalore. It was what one could popularly refer to as the ‘face of modern Indian retail. It was a supermarket. Since then, a lot of other business houses/ entrepreneurs have entered this sector. A few went national while a majority of them were restricted to a local scale. Popular among them were Trinetra from Hyderabad (now part of the Aditya Birla Group), Foodworld from Chennai, Margin Free from Kerala among others. A few others like Stop Shop from the TVS group in South India and Nanz in North India have shut down. In 1947, when India got independence, the per capita income was very low. People could not really afford any type of luxuries. Majority of them managed to live by getting their basic necessities. The main type of retail format prominent during those days was the mom-and-pop (kirana stores). They were run by individuals. The other format was the Bazaar. This trend continued up to the 1960s. Even post that, when supermarkets like Nilgiris opened up, the trend continued (Sengupta, 2007). It was during the 1990s and 2000s that this trend gradually changed. The growth story of the modern retail format in India is the early part of this millennium can be divided into 4 phases. Phase 1: This phase is characterised between 2002 and 2004. Lots of new entrants into the market were driving the top line growth. Phase 2: This phase is characterised between 2004 and 2006. The consumers were getting more and more aware of the possibilities that this retail growth could mean for them. They started demanding more and more variety in the organized retail formats. Phase 3: Post 2006, the retailers realized that in order to distinguish themselves, they would have to strengthen their back-end activities. The front end of almost all retail outlets were more or less the same. The thing that distinguished them from the rest were activities like inventory control, turnover time etc. Phase 4: This phase has been in progress since 2007. The retail players are in the process of consolidating their operations. (Srivastava, 2009) Organized retail is moving from being a ‘novel experiment to an expected back-end innovation and scale build up (Srivastava, 2009). Indian retail story First some facts (Srivastava, 2009): * The retail industry employs almost 21 million people * The Kearney study undertaken in 2006, ranked India 5th among 30 developing countries in the Global Retail Development Index * The study projects that India will overtake Russia and China to become the number one destination for foreign direct investment in retail India has over 12 million retail outlets. Out of this, about 95% of the outlets are less than 500 square feet (Srivastava, 2009). If we compare Indian retail with other countries, we see that the number of traditional retail outlets is still very huge. In 2005, US had about 15% traditional retail outlets and 85% organized retail outlets. India had 97% traditional outlets and only 3% organized retail outlets (Srivastava, 2009). (Srivastava, 2009) The organized retail in India is still at a very nascent stage. The opportunity for growth is enormous. Even though speciality stores in India are gaining prominence, almost 90% of all future retail development is predicted to be malls. The Indian consumer wants everything in the same place. One more trend that is being seeing is the marriage of retail and entertainment. Lots of multiplexes are opening up at malls. In fact, this seems to be the future trend. Sand alone places might not attract the crowd that such mergers could. Also, facilities like book stores, coffee shops, food courts etc. are being developed at these places. The major distinguishing factor of malls in India is that they have a mix of high-value items as well as mass branded items at the same place. In comparison, other countries have speciality malls. They either are of the high-value kind boutiques or the mass category. India has the highest shop density in the world. It has about 11 shops per 1000 people. This adds to one shop per 20-25 families (Srivastava, 2009). However in cities, this density is much higher. If we look at the money spent on various facilities, the urban-rural difference becomes very evident. About 33% of entertainment spends come from rural areas as opposed to 67% from urban areas. As opposed to this, when we talk about more basic necessities like food, clothing and footwear, over 60% comes from rural areas. (Srivastava, 2009) If we look at the share of the various things that are sold in the organized retail, we find that apparels and accessories is the maximum at 38%, footwear is at 9%, while others like mobile phones, books etc. are at 3% each (Srivastava, 2009). (Srivastava, 2009) Retail formats Both traditional as well regional retails constitute footwear retail market space. Along with these, new players like The Loft and factory outlets also constitute this space. These are category killers. The Loft offers over 130 brands, all under the same roof. It has completely revolutionarized the industry. In Mumbai, The Loft store has an area of 18,000 sq feet and also offers other services to the customers enhancing their experience. Factory outlets have also changed the industry. Pantaloon Retails Brand Factory, Reliance Footprints, Max Retail of the Landmark Group, and The Loot, are all offering a multiple footwear brands. 1) Hypermarket This format of stores has seen a huge growth in India. Most of the stores in this format are making money. The costumers find it very comfortable as they can get almost all their daily necessities like food, clothing, shoes, utensils, home appliances, durables etc. under one roof. It is like a one stop shop for all necessities. 2) Departmental Store Similar to hypermarkets, these shops also offer all the requirements under one roof. The difference is that these outlets have a more luxurious setting. The Indian consumer likes the idea of shopping in a better way with entertainment, novelty, variety and an international setting, all under one roof. 3) Single brand/ Stand Alone Outlet As the name suggests, these outlets consist of only one brand. They are generally run by the brand itself or are run as franchisee. The consumers do not have much choice here in terms of the number of brands but, generally, most of the variety of items, even the rare ones, of the brand are present here. 4) Multi-Branded Outlet A huge variety of brands are present here. The consumer has a wide array of brands to choose from. The only drawback of such outlets is that only the popular items of a brand are present here. So if a consumer has a very specific requirement, he/ she might not be able to find the item here. 5) Factory Outlet A factory outlet is a retail store where the manufacturer sells his brand directly to the customer. The store might have a warehouse attached to it. The biggest advantage of such stores is that there are no middle men. Hence the end customers get the brands at a very low cost. They are also called ‘Best Saving Outlets. Footwear retail AT Kearneys eigth annual GRDI (Global Retail Development Index) in 2009 ranked the Indian retail sector as the ‘most attractive emerging market for investment. Indian retail market is the fifth largest retail destination globally. In the footwear retail market, only 5.9 percent of Indias total retail market is organized. This comes to Rs. 13,300 billion. The total footwear retail market stands at Rs. 160 billion. Out of this, 48.4% of the footwear retail market is organized and is dominated by brands. The Indian Retail report of the year 2009 maps the growth of the organized retail since 2004. The findings indicate that compared to the other retail categories, footwear category has grown at a much faster pace. In 2004-05, only 25% of the footwear retail sector was organized. In 2009, it grew to 48.4%. The overall retail market share in the organized sector has only increased from 3% to 5.9% in the corresponding time frame. Emerging trends The performance of the footwear market is forecasted to accelerate with an anticipated CAGR of 10.2% for the five-year period 2008-2013. This is expected to drive the market to a value of $5,791.4 million by the end of 2013. Comparatively, the Chinese market will increase with a CAGR of 8.3%. (Singh, 2009) The organized retail sector is also seeing many changes. This sector occupies about 5% of Indian retail market. Large format stores and branded retail stores are coming up. This trend was first seen in South India and now in North India, West India and East India in the next couple of years. The retail sector is also opening its operations in Tier II cities like Gurgaon, Noida, Kochi etc. A market research report ‘Booming Retail Sector in India predicts that Indian organoized retail sector will reach US$ 50 billion by 2011. This study was carried out by RNCOS. The number of shopping malls is also set to increase between 2007 and 2015 by a CAGR of 18.9%. The Indian consumer On the World Map, India is placed 5th in the list of consumer markets of the world. Improved communication systems and the exposure to popular international brands has brought about a huge difference in the cities. People have become more indulgent. They want to acquire more and have also become very ambitious. According to a McKinsey report, the size of the Indian consumer market is expected to grow 4 times by 2025. This report is aptly titled ‘The rise of Indian Consumer Market. The youth population in India is huge. 33% are below 15 years of age. The consumer spending has increased as the disposable income among the youth has increased. The consumer spending in India has increased by 75% in the last 4 years. The share of wallet for products like footwear, clothes, transport, entertainment, education, medical services, housing and renting etc. has increased significantly. In fact, the Indian middle class has also started consuming luxury goods like air-conditioners and cars. The Indian demographic profile is changing rapidly. The upper class is growing much quicker than the lower class. The ‘deprived class is shrinking. The middle class is expected to touch 28 million by 2010. One third of the total middle class population will be from the rural areas. Lifestyle category goods are expected to be the future. With the increasing number of working women and fashion conscious males, they will look for a better quality of life. The Nielsen Retail Index 2007 reveled that consumers are switching to branded products. Also due to impulse buying by young consumers with disposable income, brands like Reebok and Adidas saw their semi-urban and rural sales increase by more than 70%. According to Kishore Biyani (Biyani, 2007), the typical Indian consumer can be classified as follows: The serving class consists of 55% of the population. This indicates that the retail outlets should target this group as well instead of mainly targeting the consumer class, which consists of only 14% of the population, as it currently does (Tripathi). Literature Review Indian footwear consumer The basic understanding of fashion and change in consumer perceptions has given a huge boost to the footwear industry. There is more exposure for Indians due to global travel and media penetration. The new retailing formats and distribution systems have capitalized on this. Branded footwear from overseas has become popular. Of course, the cost for the consumer is still a concern, due to which even the international brands have had to bring down their prices drastically in order to achieve break-even sales. Comfort is very essential for the Indian footwear consumer. The branded and organized sector has taken advantage of this. However, the awareness about more specialized products like performance enhancing and fitness assisting is still very low in India compared to other South East Asian countries. This could increase with time. Also, the young working population is seeing a shift in preference to international trends and lifestyles. One more fact is that women buyers buy more frequently compared to their male counterparts. About 29% women go shopping at least once every quarter. Men account for about 19% of the total purchases of that segment (Indian Retail Report, 2009). As per a study on how consumers divide their wallet spends, about 44% of the urban Nupscale (short for Nielsen Upscale, based on the usage of 12 consumer durable products by the consumers households) buy mens footwear. 41% buy womens footwear. The average annual spend on the products is Rs. 2318 and Rs. 1336 respectively. This study was conducted by Images- AC Neilsen. Women had a role to play in the purchase of mens footwear (26% women to 56% men). Men had a bigger role to play in purchase of womens footwear (34% males to 51% females). Men spent more lavishly on footwear irrespective of whether they were buying for themselves or others or gifting. Males spend on an average Rs 2,459 in a typical year on purchase of mens footwear and Rs 1,428 on purchase of womens footwear. Comparatively, women spend on an average Rs 1,875 on mens footwear and Rs 1,265 on womens footwear in a typical year (Indian Retail Report, 2009). Research articles ‘Shopping Orientation in the Evolving Indian Market, a research article by Piyush Kumar Sinha, attempted to understand shoppers from their disposition towards shopping. This was very useful because it has been noted that the differences between retailers are not really significant in terms of the value they deliver. The study managed to bring out the shopping orientation of the Indian shoppers. It said that emotional value matters more than the functional value while shopping. They are also more oriented towards the entertainment value. Based on this orientation, 300 shoppers were divided into 2 segments: Fun shoppers and Work shoppers. These two segments had different demographic and behavioral profile. This orientation was primarily affected by the frequency of buying, type of store, and to some extent by the SEC (socio-economic classification). These findings were finally used in order to draw implications for store format, merchandising and pricing (Sinha, 2003). ‘A Typology of Apparel Shopping Orientation Segments among Female Consumers, segmented female apparel shoppers into unique apparel shopping orientation groups. It then developed a profile for each segment by taking into consideration the information sources, lifestyle activities, importance of store attributes, demographics and patronage behavior. Then by using cluster analysis of apparel shopping orientation factors, three groups were identified: 1) Highly Involved Apparel Shopper 2) Apathetic Apparel Shopper 3) Convenience-Oriented Catalog Shopper They were further compared through MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) and chi-square statistics. The results indicated that shopping orientations are a base for segmenting female apparel shoppers. These groups are unique in consumer buying characteristics. They include: * 3 factors of information sources (Fashion Publications, Store Fashion Service/Promotion and Mass Media) * 5 factors of importance of store attrib

Impact on the Small Coralline Cay

Experiment Number: 5 Date: December 8,2011. Aim: To assess and analyze man’s impact on the small coralline cay- Lime cay. Apparatus: boat Introduction: Lime cay is a small coralline cay that is mostly used by humans for their personal entertainment. By visiting this cay, man has had detrimental effects on the environment. In the earlier times, man’s impact was not so prevalent, however, overtime it has increased as agricultural practices and technology has been introduced. The effects can rise from pollution to global deforestation, which results in the death of many organisms.This can lead to species and genetic diversity being lost and also gives rise to extinction of some species. The adverse effects will be discussed later in details. Procedure: A small boat was used to travel to lime cay where the students walked around the small coralline cay and recorded all observations, which indicated man’s impact on this environment. Observation: Pictures showing the s mall coraline cay-Lime cay and evidence of the presence of man’s pollution. Picture showing an example of an organism that lives on the cay that is affected by man’s presence (sea urchin).Table showing the organisms present on the cay and their preys Organisms Being Fed On| Organisms Feeding| Flowers| Snails and Bees| Snails and Fish| Turtle| Leaf litter | Earthworm| Phytoplankton| Zooplankton| Algae| Sea Urchin and Fish| Fungi| Crab and Sand Fly| Wood| Wood Boring Beetle| Tree Bark| Termite| Woodlouse and Bees| Spider| Bird| Pelican| Bees and Earthworm | Bird| Discussion Questions: (a) Create a food web of all the organisms present on the cay. Pelican Stingray Shark LizardBird Turtle Spider Fish Wood boring Earthworm Sea urchin Zooplankton Bees Snails Crab Sandfly Beetle Termite Leaf litter Algae Phytoplankton Flowers Fungi Wood Treebark (b) What is the significance of the cay? The significance of the cay is to: (1) provide a habitat for a variety of organisms that we re present on the cay (2) to aid in breaking heavy wave and tidal action and (3) to serve as a recreational ground for humans. c) What are the ways that man affects this habitat? Man affects this habitat by pollution when it is used for recreation, by deforestation/slash and burn method, by causing eutrophication, overfishing, oil spills and exposing unwanted predators. (d) Do you see any animals or evidence of any animals? What organisms are affected by man’s activities and how? Yes, there were animals seen. The animals seen were crabs (their tracks and their holes were spotted) ground lizards, pelicans, birds, fishes, sea urchins, spiders (spider webs were spotted) snails, stingray and a turtle.Generally speaking, with human activities being practiced on the cay, it resulted in habitat destruction. Changes usually take time for the organisms to adjust. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for individual species to react and adjust to new ci rcumstances. This created disastrous results, and for this reason, the rapid habitat loss causes species to migrate to other areas to live. On the cay there was a lot of garbage left behind from human activities. These consisted of mainly plastic materials such as cups and bags.Trash like plastic, can cause death to fishes as plastics take a while to biodegrade and therefore remain in the water. Fishes sometimes mistake plastic for food and ingest it, which results in a blockage in their digestive systems killing the fish. Plastic can also get wrapped around their necks and choke them or it could get stuck in their mouths, making it unable for the fish to eat and so it might starve and also die. Another observation made was a traveling cargo ship. This activity released pollutants into the water and also made it prone to oil spills.An oil spill has the most hazardous effect on aquatic and terrestrial life. The oil coats the fish’s outer layer and kills it. Also, oil affects s ea birds as it sticks to their wings rendering them flightless. Oil settles on top of water and so forms a thick layer that is opaque, which prevents sunlight from reaching marine plants, so photosynthesis is obstructed. Oil spills may result in eutrophication, which feeds algae blooms. When algae dies they sink to the bottom where they are decomposed. The decomposition process uses oxygen and deprives the deeper waters of oxygen, which can kill fish and other organisms.Also the necessary nutrients are all at the bottom of the aquatic ecosystem and if they are not brought up closer to the surface, where there is more available light allowing for photosynthesis for aquatic plants, a serious strain is placed on algae populations. Growth of algal blooms disrupts normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as a lack of oxygen needed for fish and other organisms to survive. Also it may be noted that by human activities, which cause organisms to migrate, makes them more available to predation.Additionally, it can increase competition for food and space between organisms. Another point that was observed was the presence of fishermen. Overfishing decreases the population of fishes in the area, which disrupts the food chain as terrestrial organisms that feed on aquatic life have less food to eat. Also human activities affect turtle nesting, as the turtle was seen moving outwards from the cay. This suggested that based on the exposure to unwanted predators, turtles might see the cay as unsafe to lay their eggs.There may have also been introduction to pests as a result of the garbage and also pests may come to the cay in boats. Lastly, we can look at the effect of the method slash and burn method. Evidence of the burning of wood was seen which resulted in the various plants and animals that lived there being swept away. This could also have been the area where only one particular species is kept and slashing and burning could result in extinct ion for that species. This also affects organisms that live in the soil, like the bacteria, that would result in their death. e) Is the only impact by those who visit the cay? No, the impact is not only by those who visit the cay, the impact of the habitat destruction is also by pests as stated before like rats who come on the cay and create mass destruction to the organisms living there. (f) As a manager, what would you suggest to minimize man’s impact on this environment? There should be provision of proper disposal facilities, where the site can be kept clean of litter and the waste and contaminants are not runoff into the water.Implementing in-situ conversation and management practices to exclude or eliminate pests, so pesticides are unnecessary and the organisms will be protected is another suggestion for minimizing the impact. With the prevention of pollution, eutrophication will decrease. Plastics can be collected in a container for recycling, so recycling bin can also be put into play. And lastly, rules should be implemented against burning of materials on the cay. Conclusion: Man has significantly impacted lime cay and evidence was there to support this theory, which resulted in many detrimental effects to the organism present on this cay.

Energy Of Electric Powered Vehicles - 1540 Words

1.0 Environmental. Electricity. Electric powered vehicles are approximately 90 percent more efficient than those using fossil fuels, which is the primary reason that it is nearly always cheaper to drive a mile using electricity as a fuel rather than gasoline . One challenge concerning electric powered vehicles is that the batteries are both heavy and expensive. As technology and adaptation progress, however, it is anticipated that AA that are fully or partially powered by electricity would be able to travel the same range using batteries that are smaller, and thus, cheaper. As a result of the improved drive cycles and decreased traffic congestion, the use of electric powered AA would further allow for using smaller and lighter batteries. This would reduce the overall cost for consumers, and hasten the adoption of conventionally sized electrified vehicles. Smaller batteries would also reduce life-cycle environmental impacts from producing electric vehicle batteries, as well as reduce their environmental impacts at t he end of their useful life. Electric vehicles charged by low-carbon electricity have the potential to dramatically lower the level of GHG emissions, oil use, and conventional air pollutants. Moreover, AA can be programmed to drive in a way that is fuel efficient so that by programming travel speeds, accelerations, and even mapping out optimal travel routes AA can be programmed to reduce power consumption. Ethanol. Ethanol (E85), ethyl alcohol, has a potential toShow MoreRelatedElectric Versus Gasoline Powered Vehicles752 Words   |  4 PagesElectric Versus Gasoline Powered Vehicles Every year we hear about electric cars more and more, and understandably so. With the rising cost of gasoline, and environmental concerns among others, it is not surprising that people would want more energy efficient vehicles. So now that automobile manufacturers have started producing these types of vehicles, how do they compare to their gas powered counter parts? To answer this question you must first understand how they work, there advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreThe Automobile Is A Road Vehicle Essay973 Words   |  4 Pagesautomobile has been the most beneficial in our society. An automobile is a road vehicle, typically with four wheels, powered by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor and is able to carry a small number of people. The first person who invented the automobile was Karl Benz from Germany. He invented the road vehicle in 1886. Meanwhile, the vehicle was sought out to be the most social and economically powered invention that was brought into existence. In the mist of that, four hundred andRead MoreDisadvantages Of Electric Cars1579 Words   |  7 Pageswere battery-electric cars (BEVs). These sales were the highest ever registered and allowed the global EV stock to hit the threshold of 2 million units in circulation†, according to the Energy International Agency. The debate on whether electric vehicl es are truly more environmentally friendlier, safer, fuel efficient and overall more reliable than the average gasoline vehicle has been prevalent since the debut of electric vehicles on the streets. Driving an electric powered vehicle will have positiveRead MoreBattery Powered Cars Automobiles Are Increasingly New Within The Auto Industry1651 Words   |  7 PagesBattery powered automobiles are relatively new within the auto industry. Advancements in battery power technology along with the effect of gas emissions and crude oil prices have made battery power a more possible choice than ever before. Are battery powered cars marketable? That is the question that this research paper intends to answer. If battery power is a marketable alternative to gasoline power, what makes it profitable? Who is the target consumer? With the recent prices of oil, some peopleRead MoreThe Theory Of Electric Vehicles981 Words   |  4 PagesReview An electric vehicle is a type of automotive that uses electric motors for system powering and provides propulsion. Normal vehicles consist of engines that are driven by petroleum products, petrol, kerosene or gasoline, depending on the type of vehicle in question. Electric vehicles are categorized according to the mode of operation. Some are said to be rail and road vehicles, electric aircraft, electric spacecraft and underwater and surface electric vehicles. The concept about electric vehiclesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Vehicles On The Road Today1273 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Introduction There are many types of vehicles on the road today. Many of which incorporate some type of internal combustion engine whether it be gasoline or diesel. In modern times however, consumers have been given the option to purchase vehicles that are either fully battery powered or contain a mixture of battery fuel cells as well as an internal combustion engine. The reason for this change has to do with the pollution created by internal combustion engines. The fuel used toRead MoreThe Electric Lighting Industry ( Behr 40 )1158 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Edison founded the electric lighting industry (Behr 40). During this time the gas lighting and electric lighting industry were fighting to be the most successful. The electric lighting industry had won and beat the gas lighting industry. Looking at how electric cars have influenced people to stop driving gas powered cars. This point was being foreshadowed over 100 years ago.Are these electric car companies looking for the same type of con sumer rate? Electric vehicles many years ago acceleratedRead MoreElectric Cars937 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Electric Cars Introduction to Electric Cars An electric car is a vehicle which is driven by electric engines. The engines use electrical energy which is usually stored in batteries. Electric car is a variation of electric vehicle (EV). EV speaks of any vehicles which are propelled by electric engines. â€Å"Electric car† is a general term for high-speed vehicles which are powered by electricity. In the United States, low-speed vehicles which are powered by electricity are knownRead MoreDebate on Green Cars1527 Words   |  6 PagesDebate on Green Cars In the world we live today, things are changing. Many environmentalists are working together to preserve the planet by recycling plastics, saving the trees, and even operating environmentally friendly vehicles. Although salvaging the waste and protecting the foliage may help contribute to the worthy cause, we may have been misinformed regarding the truth when it comes to automobile manufacturers. The green automobiles may actually be reversing the process and polluting theRead MoreEssay on Electric Vehicles, Are They Worth It?1480 Words   |  6 PagesAre electric cars the way of the future? Some would say no because of the pollution that is caused during the testing and manufacturing of the vehicles. Others would suggest that going electric would help the environment because there is less pollution being administered into the atmosphere. Today about one-third of the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions come from transportation. There is more to protecting the environment the n what comes out of the tail pipe of today’s modern cars. Because of the